Andre Gide (Writer) – Overview, Biography

Name:Andre Gide
Real Name:André Gide
Occupation: Writer
Gender:Male
Birth Day: November 22,
1869
Death Date:19 February 1951(1951-02-19) (aged 81)
Paris, France
Age: Aged 81
Birth Place: Paris, France,
France
Zodiac Sign:Sagittarius

Andre Gide

Andre Gide was born on November 22, 1869 in Paris, France, France (81 years old). Andre Gide is a Writer, zodiac sign: Sagittarius. Nationality: France. Approx. Net Worth: Undisclosed.

Net Worth 2020

Undisclosed
Find out more about Andre Gide net worth here.

Does Andre Gide Dead or Alive?

As per our current Database, Andre Gide died on 19 February 1951(1951-02-19) (aged 81)
Paris, France.

Physique

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Biography

Biography Timeline

1869

Gide was born in Paris on 22 November 1869, into a middle-class Protestant family. His father was a Paris University professor of law who died in 1880, Jean Paul Guillaume Gide, and his mother was Juliette Maria Rondeaux. His uncle was the political economist Charles Gide. His paternal family traced its roots back to Italy, with his ancestors, the Guidos, moving to France and other western and northern European countries after converting to Protestantism during the 16th century, due to persecution.

1891

Gide was brought up in isolated conditions in Normandy and became a prolific writer at an early age, publishing his first novel, The Notebooks of André Walter (French: Les Cahiers d’André Walter), in 1891, at the age of twenty-one.

1893

In 1893 and 1894, Gide traveled in Northern Africa, and it was there that he came to accept his attraction to boys.

1895

He befriended Oscar Wilde in Paris, and in 1895 Gide and Wilde met in Algiers. Wilde had the impression that he had introduced Gide to homosexuality, but, in fact, Gide had already discovered this on his own.

In 1895, after his mother’s death, he married his cousin Madeleine Rondeaux, but the marriage remained unconsummated. In 1896, he became mayor of La Roque-Baignard, a commune in Normandy.

1901

In 1901, Gide rented the property Maderia in St. Brélade’s Bay and lived there while residing in Jersey. This period, 1901–07, is commonly seen as a time of apathy and turmoil for him.

1908

In 1908, Gide helped found the literary magazine Nouvelle Revue Française (The New French Review). In 1916, Marc Allégret, only 15 years old, became his lover. Marc was the son – one of five children – of Élie Allégret, who years before had been hired by Gide’s mother to tutor her son in light of his weak grades in school, after which he and Gide became fast friends; Élie Allégret was best man at Gide’s wedding. Gide and Marc fled to London, in retribution for which his wife burned all his correspondence – “the best part of myself,” he later commented. In 1918, he met Dorothy Bussy, who was his friend for over thirty years and translated many of his works into English.

1923

In the 1920s, Gide became an inspiration for writers such as Albert Camus and Jean-Paul Sartre. In 1923, he published a book on Fyodor Dostoyevsky; however, when he defended homosexuality in the public edition of Corydon (1924) he received widespread condemnation. He later considered this his most important work.

In 1923, he sired a daughter, Catherine, by Elisabeth van Rysselberghe, a woman who was much younger than he. He had known her for a long time, as she was the daughter of his closest female friend, Maria Monnom, the wife of his friend the Belgian neo-impressionist painter Théo van Rysselberghe. This caused the only crisis in the long-standing relationship between Allégret and Gide and damaged the relation with van Rysselberghe. This was possibly Gide’s only sexual relationship with a woman, and it was brief in the extreme. Catherine became his only descendant by blood. He liked to call Elisabeth “La Dame Blanche” (“The White Lady”). Elisabeth eventually left her husband to move to Paris and manage the practical aspects of Gide’s life (they had adjoining apartments built for each on the rue Vavin). She worshiped him, but evidently they no longer had a sexual relationship.

1924

In 1924, he published an autobiography, If it Die… (French: Si le grain ne meurt).

1925

After 1925, he began to campaign for more humane conditions for convicted criminals.

1926

From July 1926 to May 1927, he traveled through the French Equatorial Africa colony with his lover Marc Allégret. Gide went successively to Middle Congo (now the Republic of the Congo), Ubangi-Shari (now the Central African Republic), briefly to Chad and then to Cameroon before returning to France. He related his peregrinations in a journal called Travels in the Congo (French: Voyage au Congo) and Return from Chad (French: Retour du Tchad). In this published journal, he criticized the behavior of French business interests in the Congo and inspired reform. In particular, he strongly criticized the Large Concessions regime (French: Régime des Grandes Concessions), i.e., a regime that conceded part of the colony to French companies and where these companies could exploit all of the area’s natural resources, in particular rubber. He related, for instance, how natives were forced to leave their village for several weeks to collect rubber in the forest, and went as far as comparing their exploitation to slavery. The book had important influence on anti-colonialism movements in France and helped re-evaluate the impact of colonialism.

1929

Gide was close friends with the critic Charles Du Bos. Together they were part of the Foyer Franco-Belge, in which capacity they worked to find employment, food and housing for Franco-Belgian refugees who arrived in Paris following the German invasion of Belgium. Their friendship later declined, due to Du Bos’ perception of Gide as disavowing or betraying his spiritual faith, in contrast to Du Bos’ own return to faith. Du Bos’ essay Dialogue avec André Gide was published in 1929. The essay, informed by Du Bos’ Catholic convictions, condemned Gide’s homosexuality. Gide and Du Bos’ mutual friend Ernst Robert Curtius criticised the book in a letter to Gide, writing that “he [Du Bos] judges you according to Catholic morals suffices to neglect his complete indictment. It can only touch those who think like him and are convinced in advance. He has abdicated his intellectual liberty.”

1930

In 1930 Gide published a book about the Blanche Monnier case called La Séquestrée de Poitiers, changing little but the names of the protagonists. Monnier was a young woman who was kept captive by her own mother for more than 25 years.

1936

During the 1930s, he briefly became a communist, or more precisely, a fellow traveler (he never formally joined any communist party). As a distinguished writer sympathizing with the cause of communism, he was invited to speak at Maxim Gorky’s funeral and to tour the Soviet Union as a guest of the Soviet Union of Writers. He encountered censorship of his speeches and was particularly disillusioned with the state of culture under Soviet communism, breaking with his socialist friends in Retour de L’U.R.S.S. in 1936.

1938

Gide’s legal wife, Madeleine, died in 1938. Later he explored their unconsummated marriage in his memoir of Madeleine, Et nunc manet in te.

1939

In 1939, Gide became the first living author to be published in the prestigious Bibliothèque de la Pléiade.

1942

He left France for Africa in 1942 and lived in Tunis from December 1942 until it was re-taken by French, British and American forces in May 1943 and he was able to travel to Algiers where he stayed until the end of World War II. In 1947, he received the Nobel Prize in Literature “for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight”. He devoted much of his last years to publishing his Journal. Gide died in Paris on 19 February 1951. The Roman Catholic Church placed his works on the Index of Forbidden Books in 1952.

1949

In the 1949 anthology The God That Failed Gide describes his early enthusiasm:

🎂 Upcoming Birthday

Currently, Andre Gide is 152 years, 10 months and 14 days old. Andre Gide will celebrate 153rd birthday on a Tuesday 22nd of November 2022.

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