Schwartz was born in 1981 in The Bronx, New York City. His parents, both Bronx natives, raised Schwartz in Riverdale, a neighborhood in the Northwestern part of the Bronx. His father was a social worker before going into real estate and his mother was a music teacher. In an interview with Kevin Pollak, he stated, “When I told people I was from the Bronx, it was like ‘Oh, do you have bullet wounds?’ And I’m like ‘No, it’s just me and, like, Jewish people.'”

When he was eleven years old, his family moved to Edgemont, New York, in adjacent Westchester County. Schwartz attended Edgemont Junior–Senior High School where he played basketball and sang in the chorus; he graduated in 1999. He then attended Union College from which he graduated in 2003 with a double major in psychology and anthropology.

On television, Schwartz guest-starred as Jean-Ralphio Saperstein on NBC’s Parks and Recreation and was a lead in the Showtime show House of Lies. In 2010, Schwartz played series regular Bill Hoyt on J. J. Abrams’ one-hour spy drama Undercovers for NBC.

In September 2013, he was hired by Paramount Pictures to re-make the 1991 comedy Soapdish, retitled El Fuego Caliente and reworking the original’s American soap opera into a Latin telenovela, with producers Rob Reiner and Alan Greisman and he sold an original pitch to Universal Studios based on an idea by Brian Grazer with Imagine Entertainment attached to produce. He was a staff writer for the third season of Adult Swim’s Robot Chicken and served as a freelance writer for the Weekend Update segment of Saturday Night Live as well as the monologues for the Late Show with David Letterman.

Since 2014 Schwartz has appeared in episodes of the Comedy Bang! Bang! podcast as the only guest in “Solo Bolo” (2014), “Solo Bolo Dos Lo” (2015), “Solo Bolo Trolo” (2016), “Solo Bolo Cuatrolo” (2016) “Solo Bolo Cincolo” (2017) and “Solo Bolo Sonicolo” (2020). In nearly each episode he and host Scott Aukerman compete in the Olympic Song Challenge. Ben has also appeared on episodes of comedy podcast If I Were You, ID1OT, You Made It Weird with Pete Holmes, and Conan O’Brien Needs a Friend.

In 2017, Schwartz began voicing Dewey in the Disney XD revival of DuckTales. Schwartz has been featured as himself in Netflix’s Home: Adventures with Tip & Oh’s 2017 animated Christmas special – Home for the Holidays – alongside Kelly Clarkson. He provided the voice of Leonardo in Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. In August 2018, Schwartz was announced to voice the titular character in the 2020 film, Sonic the Hedgehog.

On September 26, 2019, it was announced that Schwartz was cast as F. Tony Scarapiducci in the upcoming Netflix comedy series, Space Force.

Ben Schwartz played a major role in the movie Standing Up, Falling Down, initially released on April 25, 2019, with Billy Crystal.

In April 2020, Schwartz and fellow comedian, Thomas Middleditch, starred in Netflix’s first long-form improv special, Middleditch and Schwartz, a three-part series of hour-long performances filmed at New York University’s Skirball Center for the Performing Arts. The duo had previously performed long-form improv, unrecorded, for several years at locations such as the Chicago Theater or Carnegie Hall.