After the death of his father in 1997, he succeeded him as chairman of the Compagnie Financière Edmond de Rothschild. He restructured the group's organization around key activities such as asset management and M&A. In 1999, he launched Edmond de Rothschild Investment Services in Israel where he also succeeded to his father at the helm of the Caesarea Rothschild Foundation. In 2010, Compagnie Financière Edmond de Rothschild became the Edmond de Rothschild Group.
In 1997, Benjamin de Rothschild initiated a joint-venture with Anton Rupert to create the Rupert & Rothschild Vignerons vineyards in South Africa. He gathered wine enthusiasts (including Laurent Dassault) to create the wine estate Le Clos de los Siete in Argentina's Uco Valley, producer of the Flechas de los Andes wine. In 2003, he acquired the Château des Laurets vineyards in Bordeaux. In 2005, he launched Champagne Barons de Rothschild with Baron Éric de Rothschild and Baroness Philippine de Rothschild. In 2009, he launched a joint-venture with the Spanish winery Vega Sicilia. In 2012, he acquired 26 hectares of vines in the Marlborough Region to produce the Rimapere wine. Benjamin de Rothschild is also the largest stakeholder in the Château Lafite Rothschild wine estate.