Born in Kabwe Central Province, Zambia, Mayuka began his career at the Lusaka Academy at the age of 11. In 2007, he joined Kabwe Warriors, one of the biggest clubs in Zambia owned by the national railway company Zambia Railways. In this team, he flourished scoring 15 goals in 23 games. He consequently was selected to the Zambia under-17 national team.
Mayuka debuted for the senior side in the 2007 COSAFA Cup, scoring the second goal in a 3–0 defeat of Mozambique. Mayuka scored the first goal for Zambia of 2012 Africa Cup of Nations which was score again by his teammate Rainford Kalaba second goal in the game with Zambia earning a victory against Senegal. In the same tournament, he scored against Libya in the group stage, and then he scored the winner in a famous 1–0 victory over Ghana in the semifinals, therefore leading Zambia into the finals. He then played all 120 minutes against Ivory Coast in Zambia's penalty shootout victory against Ivory Coast.