On February 4, 2016, Rodney signed a one-year, $2 million contract with the San Diego Padres. On April 11, 2016, Rodney pitched a scoreless ninth inning to record his first save as a Padre in a win over the Philadelphia Phillies.
Despite going 17-for-17 in save situations and posting a 0.31 ERA for the Padres, Rodney was traded to the Miami Marlins on June 30, 2016 for Chris Paddack. He was 2–3 with Miami and pitched to a 5.89 ERA.
On December 9, 2016, Rodney signed a one-year, $2.75 million contract with the Arizona Diamondbacks. Rodney recorded his first win for the Diamondbacks on opening day and his first save in his next appearance on April 5, 2017. On June 7, Rodney became the 42nd pitcher all-time to finish 500 career games. On September 22, Rodney became the 28th pitcher all-time to record 300 career saves in a victory over the Miami Marlins.
Rodney is known for wearing his cap tilted at an angle toward the left side of his head. He said in 2016 that it came about as a tribute to his father, Ulise Rodney, who was a fisherman. Ulise also wore his cap tilted to the side because that was the side the sun hit his face. Rodney also said the tilted cap could be confusing for both hitters and baserunners. "The hitter looks for your eyes. It's like a dog. When you go somewhere, the first thing (a dog) looks at is your eyes and how you move."