Born in Paris to parents from Guadeloupe, Coman began his career with US Sénart-Moissy in 2002, at the age of six.

After two years with the club and the support of his father, Coman was scouted by Ligue 1 club Paris Saint-Germain (PSG), with whom he joined the youth academy in 2004. After nine years in the club’s youth system, Coman made his professional debut for PSG on 17 February 2013 against Sochaux, a 3–2 defeat. He came on as a substitute for Marco Verratti in the 87th minute.

On 3 August 2013, PSG won the Trophée des Champions, defeating Bordeaux 2–1 in Gabon. Coman played the final 16 minutes in place of Ezequiel Lavezzi.

On 7 July 2014, Coman signed a five-year deal with Italian champions Juventus following the expiration of his contract with PSG. On 30 August 2014, Coman made his Serie A debut, starting in a 1–0 away win against Chievo, twice nearly scoring.

On 2 June 2014, aged just 17, Coman made his first appearance for the French under-21 team, starting in a 6–0 friendly victory against Singapore and scoring once in the match.

On 15 January 2015, Coman scored his first professional goal in the last 16 of the Coppa Italia, against Hellas Verona in a 6–1 win. He was unused in the final on 20 May, a 2–1 extra-time win over Lazio.

On 6 June, Coman appeared as a last-minute substitute for compatriot Patrice Evra in the 2015 UEFA Champions League Final as Juventus were defeated 3–1 by Barcelona at Berlin’s Olympiastadion.

Coman started in the 2015 Supercoppa Italiana on 8 August at the Shanghai Stadium ahead of new signing Paulo Dybala, making way for him after an hour of the 2–0 win over Lazio.

On 30 August 2015, Juventus approved a two-year loan deal for Coman to join German club Bayern Munich. Juventus manager, Massimiliano Allegri said in a press conference the same day, “Coman will be leaving the club. He wanted to go.”.

On 30 August 2015, Coman signed with Bayern Munich on a two-year loan from Juventus for a fee of €7 million to be paid in two instalments with an option to buy for a fee of an extra €21 million upon 30 April 2017, two months before the loan’s expiry. He was assigned the squad number 29.

On 5 November 2015, Coman was selected to the France senior squad for the first time to face Germany and England in friendlies. He made his debut eight days later at the Stade de France, coming on as a 69th-minute substitute for Anthony Martial in a 2–0 win over world champions Germany, overshadowed by shootings and explosions around the stadium.

Regarded as one of the most promising young players of his generation, Coman is a quick, talented and technically gifted winger, with good dribbling skills, vision, and explosive speed and acceleration. He is capable of playing on either flank, or even in the centre, as an offensive midfielder or as a striker. Although he is naturally right-footed, his preferred position is on the left, which allows him to beat opponents in one on one situations, cut into the centre onto his right foot, and either shoot on goal, create chances for teammates, or make attacking runs into the area. In 2015, Don Balón named him one of the 101 best young players in the world.

On 12 March 2016, Coman recorded three assists in a 5–0 victory over Werder Bremen. Four days later, he came on as a 60th-minute substitute for Xabi Alonso, with Bayern trailing 0–2 in the second leg of the Champions League round of 16, and assisted Thomas Müller’s 91st-minute equaliser, before scoring the final goal in extra time as Bayern won 4–2 (6–4 aggregate) against his parent club, Juventus.

Coman was a 108th-minute substitute for Franck Ribéry in the 2016 DFB-Pokal Final, which Bayern won against Borussia Dortmund on penalties for a double. It was his eighth club trophy before his 20th birthday.

In May 2016, Coman was named to national team manager Didier Deschamps’ 23-man France squad for UEFA Euro 2016, to be played on home soil. Following his performances throughout the tournament, as his nation reached the final, only to lose 1–0 to Portugal in extra-time, Coman was nominated for the Young Player of the Tournament Award, which ultimately went to Portugal’s Renato Sanches.

On 27 April 2017, it was announced that Bayern exercised their option to sign Coman, with the player signing a contract until 2020.

In an interview with the German magazine kicker on 29 May 2017, Coman said, “It was a complicated year for me. I thought about leaving Bayern.”

On 21 December 2017, Coman signed a contract extension at Bayern until 30 June 2023.

In June 2017, Coman was arrested for domestic violence after allegedly physically assaulting model Sephora Goignan, his ex-girlfriend. Coman reportedly admitted to the charges on Instagram. In September 2017 Coman pleaded guilty in a French court and agreed to pay €5,000 to Goignan.

The 2017–18 season was an excellent one for Coman. Coman had played 32 matches, scored seven goals and provided another eight assists throughout all competitions until late February, when Coman suffered an ankle injury against Hertha Berlin on 24 February 2018. Coman suffered a partial tear of ligaments in his left ankle. The injury required a surgery that was performed several days later. On 19 May 2018, Coman returned from the ankle injury in the DFB-Pokal Final in Berlin in a loss against Eintracht Frankfurt. Coman came on as a substitute in the 70th minute.

On 12 August 2018, Coman played the first competitive fixture of the season after coming on as a substitute and scored a goal in a 5–0 victory over Eintracht Frankfurt as his team won the 2018 DFL-Supercup.

On 24 August 2018, Coman sustained a syndesmosis ligament tear above his left ankle in a match against 1899 Hoffenheim on Matchday 1 in the Bundesliga. This injury was similar to the injury Coman sustained last season when he was out for almost three months.

On 1 December 2018, Coman returned from injury when he came on as a substitute against Werder Bremen in a 2–1 win. Coman was out injured for three months. On 15 December 2018, Coman made his 100th appearance for Bayern in a 4–0 away win at Hannover. On 14 April 2019, Coman scored two goals for Bayern in a 4–1 win at Düsseldorf. It was Coman’s third Bundesliga brace for Bayern.

On 18 May 2019, Coman won his fourth consecutive Bundesliga title and his seventh consecutive league title. A week later, Coman won his second DFB-Pokal as Bayern defeated RB Leipzig 3–0 in the 2019 DFB-Pokal Final. Coman scored Bayern’s second goal in the match.

On 2 June 2019, Coman made his comeback for France against Bolivia after 19 months of not playing for the national team. Coman came on as a substitute in the 65th minute.

In the final of the 2019–20 UEFA Champions League on 23 August 2020, Coman headed in the only goal of the game as Bayern secured their sixth Champions League title with a win over Paris Saint-Germain. In doing so, Coman became the first player in the history of the competition to score against a former club in the final.

On 21 October 2020, Coman scored a brace and provided one assist in a 4–0 win against Atlético Madrid in the first match of the 2020–21 UEFA Champions League.