She also starred in Grand Hotel at the Donmar Warehouse in London’s West End. In 1984, Mastrantonio was featured in a benefit performance of A Christmas Carol with Helen Hayes, Raul Julia, Harold Scott, F. MacIntyre Dixon, and Len Cariou at the Symphony Space in New York. On stage, Mastrantonio starred most recently in A View from the Bridge as Beatrice, alongside Ken Stott and Allan Corduner at the Duke of York’s Theatre, London.

Other featured roles include Slam Dance (1987), opposite Tom Hulce, and The January Man (1989) with Kevin Kline. She also starred in writer/director James Cameron’s science fiction The Abyss (1989) with Ed Harris. She played Maid Marian in the 1991 film Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves alongside Kevin Costner. She played the attorney daughter of Gene Hackman’s character in Class Action, co-starred in the 1992 thriller Consenting Adults, and played a fishing boat captain in The Perfect Storm (2000).

In 1991, Mastrantonio appeared as Yelena in a production of Uncle Vanya in the British anthology series Performance.

In 2013, she guest-starred on Blue Bloods in the episode “Inside Jobs”. She had a recurring role on the 2013–14 program Hostages, playing First Lady Mary Kincaid.

In 2015 she was cast in a leading role in Limitless on CBS, playing FBI Special Agent in Charge Nasreen “Naz” Pouran, which debuted on September 22, 2015.

In 2017 she guest starred as Marion James, Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, in three episodes of Marvel’s The Punisher on Netflix.

From 2018 to 2020, she starred as Madeline Burke on NBC’s action drama Blindspot.