From 1981 to 1986, Javid attended Downend School, a state comprehensive near Bristol. At school it was recommended that he should be a TV repairman. Javid has said he was told that he couldn’t study maths at O Level so he had to get his father to pay for it. When he later witnessed a video showing an assault on a Syrian refugee, he remarked that it was reminiscent of bullying he had experienced at school; Javid claims he faced racial abuse when younger, being called a ‘Paki’, and having faced abuse from “National Front skinheads”. Speaking in 2014, Javid said that while at school: “I was naughty, more interested in watching Grange Hill than homework”. After being told by his school that he could only study two A Levels when he believed he needed three to go to university, Javid subsequently attended Filton Technical College from 1986 to 1988, and finally the University of Exeter from 1988 to 1991.

In 1990, aged 20, Javid attended the annual Conservative Party Conference for the first time and campaigned against the Thatcher government’s decision that year to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM). He was handing out leaflets against the policy when he first met TV presenter Jeremy Paxman. He has since stated that Paxman first interviewed him at that same conference.

Javid is known to have historically held Eurosceptic views; as a student in 1990 he was thrown out of the Conservative Party conference for handing out leaflets opposing Britain joining the European Exchange Rate Mechanism, the forerunner of the single currency.

From 1992 until 1996, he lived in New York City and rose to become the youngest Vice-President of Chase Manhattan Bank and during this period, he had a spell as an aide to Republican nominee Rudy Giuliani’s winning 1993 New York mayoral campaign.

Javid had an 18-year City career where he rose to become a Board member of Deutsche Bank International. Javid joined Chase Manhattan Bank in New York City immediately after graduation, working mostly in South America. Aged 25, he became a vice president. He returned to London in 1997, and later joined Deutsche Bank as a director in 2000. In 2004, he became a managing director at Deutsche Bank and, the following year, global head of Emerging Markets Structuring.

Javid married his childhood sweetheart Laura King in 1997, whom he met while sharing a stapler at the local Commercial Union branch during a summer job. Javid has four children with his wife Laura — a church-going Christian. The couple had their honeymoon in Israel. Javid’s children are privately educated, something that Javid attributed to their desire to “do what’s best for them”. The family owns properties in Fulham, Chelsea, Bristol and Bromsgrove. They own a Cavapoo called ‘Bailey’, which featured prominently in Javid’s 2019 campaign video to be Conservative Party leader.

In 2007, he relocated to Singapore as head of Deutsche Bank’s credit trading, equity convertibles, commodities and private equity businesses in Asia, and was appointed a board member of Deutsche Bank International Limited.

He left Deutsche Bank in 2009 to pursue a career in politics. His earnings at Deutsche Bank would have been roughly £3,000,000 a year at the time he left and the Evening Standard once estimated his career change would have required him to take a 98% pay cut.

On 28 May 2009, the sitting MP for Bromsgrove, Julie Kirkbride, announced that she would be standing down at the next general election in light of the expenses scandal; Kirkbride had represented the constituency since 1997. Her resignation was confirmed in December 2009, after she attempted to withdraw it.

After a selection contest held by the Bromsgrove Conservative Association on 6 February 2010, in which he received over 70% of the votes cast by its members, Javid was announced as the official Conservative & Unionist Party Parliamentary Candidate for the 2010 general election. The other candidates up for selection included Ruth Davidson and Tina Stowell. On 6 May 2010, Javid received 22,558 votes, winning the seat by a majority of 11,308 votes. In terms of the number of votes cast in the constituency, this was an increase on the majority of 10,080 at the previous general election, though was a reduction when compared both to the actual number of votes his predecessor had received (24,387) and to the Conservatives’ percentage share of the vote (43.7% versus 51.0% in 2005).

According to former Foreign Secretary Jack Straw, those MPs first elected in 2010 “are the best new MPs for over thirty years”, and he identified Javid as one of six Conservative MPs that he believed had “already made an impact in the first term”. Javid was also one of six new MPs profiled by the Financial Times, and was named as the Newcomer of 2010 by the ConservativeHome blog.

Javid is said to have received religious hate mail in the form of a “Punish a Muslim day” parcel; as of March 2018, he was the fifth British MP to receive such abuse. However, while his family is Muslim, Javid himself is not religious and drinks alcohol (which is forbidden in Islam), whereas his wife is a practising Christian. Addressing a church-hosted husting in his inaugural election campaign for Bromsgrove on 22 April 2010, Javid told the audience:

In an analysis of the 2010 intake of MPs by Westminster consultancy firm Guide Public Affairs, Guide to the Next Prime Minister, published in August 2011, Javid ranked third, and was the top-scoring Conservative. In October 2012, Iain Dale in The Daily Telegraph included Javid in his list of “Top 100 most influential figures from the Right”. Dale wrote: “His fast rise up the greasy pole into George Osborne’s inner circle is not only proof of this man’s ambition but also his talent.” Nicholas Watt in The Guardian has also suggested that Javid could rise to the top.

On 14 October 2011, as part of a small reshuffle prompted by the resignation of Liam Fox as Defence Secretary, Javid was promoted to become PPS to then Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Osborne.

In September 2012, Javid joined Osborne’s Ministerial team as Economic Secretary to the Treasury. He was later promoted to Financial Secretary to the Treasury on 7 October 2013, replacing Greg Clark.

In 2013, Javid was influential in getting beer duty escalator abolished and cutting beer duty for the first time in over a half-century. In his honour, a commemorative beer was brewed called “Sajid’s Choice” and served in the Strangers’ Bar at the House of Commons and sold locally in Bromsgrove.

In 2013, when he became Financial Secretary to the Treasury, he rejected works of art from the Government Art Collection and personalised his office with a portrait of Thatcher. Javid was described by Tim Montgomerie as the “first of Thatcher’s children”.

In The Times’ 2014 right-wing power list, Javid moved up 18 places to #8, with the article stating that he had emerged “as the senior member of the 2010 intake” and that if “the Tories want to jump a generation, then a Javid leadership candidacy would provide the opportunity.” The 2014 GG2 Power List ranked Javid as the most influential British Asian, and, at the accompanying GG2 Leadership Awards event on 5 November 2014, then-Prime Minister David Cameron described Javid as “the brilliant Asian man who I asked to join the Cabinet” and stated that “I want to hear that title ‘Prime Minister’ followed by a British Asian name.” In July 2014, Forbes magazine compared Javid to Barack Obama and suggested that Javid could become the next Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

On 9 April 2014, David Cameron appointed Javid to the Cabinet as Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport and Minister for Equalities following the resignation of Maria Miller over her expenses. This made him the first MP to have been elected at the 2010 general election to join the Cabinet, and the first British Pakistani MP to lead a Government Department. Shortly after his appointment, he was made a Privy Councillor.

Javid has a history of campaigning against Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS). In 2014, he told attendees at the Union of Jewish Students conference that he will “always be proud to stand up and resist calls for boycotts of Israel”. In 2015, as Culture Secretary, Javid advised Board of Deputies that he had “no tolerance for cultural boycotts of Israel”.

In March 2014, Javid accused then-Labour Party leader Ed Miliband of having some responsibility for the crisis in Crimea, alleging that there was “a direct link” between Miliband’s refusal to support military intervention in Syria and the subsequent Russian activity in Ukraine.

In January 2015, Javid was awarded the Politician of the Year award at the British Muslim Awards. In November 2017, Sajid Javid won Patchwork Foundation’s MP of the Year Award.

Previously, as Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, Javid wrote to all local council leaders to ask them to adopt the IHRA’s definition of anti-Semitism. In 2015, addressing the Holocaust Educational Trust’s annual dinner, the then Business Secretary Javid condemned “dinner party anti-Semites” and said, “I can’t remember the last time I spoke to a Jewish friend or colleague who hasn’t, at some point, found themselves sitting awkwardly at a dinner party while a fellow guest railed against the international ‘kosher conspiracy’”.

Javid defended media freedom and the right of the press to investigate wrongdoing by politicians and officials in his first appearance as Culture Secretary on BBC’s Question Time programme. “The media are a cornerstone of our democracy, their freedom is very important and if they want to investigate wrongdoing by politicians or any other public official they should do that and nothing should stop them from doing that.” It was reported in May 2015 that in March, Javid had opposed plans by then-Home Secretary Theresa May to give Ofcom “counter-extremism powers” to vet British television programmes before they were broadcast. In a letter to David Cameron, he commented that countries which had similar arrangements “are not known for their compliance with rights related to freedom of expression and the Government may not wish to be associated with such regimes”.

In 2015, at a Board of Deputies of British Jews hustings event, Javid stated that publicly funded cultural institutions that boycott Israel risk having their government grants cut. Citing a boycott of the UK Jewish Film Festival by the Tricycle Theatre in Kilburn, Javid said: “I have made it absolutely clear what might happen to their [the theatre’s] funding if they try, or if anyone tries, that kind of thing again.” British playwright Caryl Churchill raised concerns about political interference in the arts and questioned: “All Charlie Hebdo? Except when freedom of expression means freedom to criticise Israel”.

Following the 2015 general election, Javid was appointed as Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills in the new Conservative majority government under the leadership of Prime Minister David Cameron. He was at this time described as “the most robust right-winger in the cabinet”, and a “true Thatcherite”.

Javid made similar comments in February of that year when he claimed that British citizens who joined ISIS would not be allowed to return to the United Kingdom, despite a statement from the Justice Secretary David Gauke to the contrary, again affirming that such a course of action is illegal. On 19 February, Javid revoked the British citizenship of Shamima Begum, a British 19-year-old who left to join ISIS in 2015, when she was 16. He claimed that she had Bangladeshi citizenship, the country of her mother which she had never lived in, but both the Bangladesh state authorities and Begum denied this. The government had already failed in a similar move involving statelessness and Britons of Bangladeshi descent in 2017.

In 2015, Javid was an advocate for holding an EU referendum, whilst pro-Brexit Conservatives had long assumed he would join the Leave campaign, but in the end he backed Remain. He was not often seen as very committed to that cause and has since become a Leave supporter. Whilst Javid insisted this was not as a result of pressure from either David Cameron or George Osborne, the Financial Times revealed that Osborne “got the thumbscrews out” because it would have been completely unacceptable for a Conservative Business Secretary to have advocated Brexit.

In June 2016, following David Cameron’s resignation after the result of the EU referendum, Secretary of State for Work and Pensions Stephen Crabb announced that he would be standing in the 2016 Conservative leadership election, on a “joint ticket” with Javid. If Crabb became Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Javid would become Chancellor of the Exchequer if Crabb won. Crabb withdrew from the contest after the first round of voting amongst Conservative Members of Parliament. Shortly after withdrawing his bid, Crabb resigned from the Cabinet following allegations that he had sent suggestive messages to a young woman.

In an interview with the Financial Times, the Bromsgrove MP said he had expected to be sacked when Mrs May entered Downing Street in 2016, instead Javid was moved across in a re-shuffle to Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, and Crabb subsequently took a post as Parliamentary Chairman of “Conservative Friends of Israel”.

In July 2016, Javid was appointed Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government by Prime Minister Theresa May. In January 2018, he gained the additional portfolio of Housing in England. In the role, he focused on increasing housing supply, including delivering a new generation of affordable and council housing. He had previously described council homes as “poor housing for the poor”, but helped secure funds for new local council building in the 2017 budget.

In 2016, Javid became a prominent supporter of remaining in the European Union in the unsuccessful Britain Stronger in Europe which resulted in Brexit, the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union. Javid was a strong supporter of the Single Market; describing it as a “great invention, one that even Lady Thatcher campaigned enthusiastically to create.”

In 2016, as Communities Secretary, Javid announced measures to prevent British councils from imposing boycotts of Israel and issued local authorities’ with investment guidance affecting Local Government Pension Scheme (LGPS).

In February 2017, it was revealed in court that Javid had ignored the advice of a senior civil servant in order to keep granting export licences for weapons to Saudi Arabia, despite allegations of war crimes in the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen. A February 2016 email from Edward Bell, head of the Export Control Organisation, was read out as part of a judicial review into British arms sales to Saudi Arabia. The email said: “To be honest, and I was very direct and honest with [Sajid Javid], my gut tells me we should suspend [weapon exports to Saudi Arabia]”. In a later email, he said: “[Sajid Javid] decided not to take a decision about this last night and the matter has now been raised with [the prime minister]”.

In 2017, Javid threatened to cancel Europe’s largest Palestine convention, Palestine Expo. Javid, whose department controlled the QEII Centre, had warned he was “minded” to cancel the event. Javid’s intervention came amid claims by various Jewish and pro-Israel groups that the organisers had previously praised Hamas.

In 2017, a judge ruled that Javid acted unlawfully in issuing guidance to restrict local councils from pursuing Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) against Israel through their pension schemes. The Chair of the Palestine Solidarity Campaign called it a “victory for Palestine, for local democracy, and for the rule of law”.

As Communities Secretary, Javid launched a wide-ranging programme of leasehold and commonhold reform. This began with a forthright speech at the 2017 conference for the main leasehold property managers trade body ARMA (Association of Residential Managing Agents), where Javid targeted rogue managing agents as well as the exorbitant service charges faced by many leaseholders across England and Wales. This was well received by the Leasehold Knowledge Partnership charity. In September 2017, Javid championed innovation collaborative efforts between the UK and Commonwealth Nations by awarding the first Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship in Innovation to Joshua Cheong and Dr Khoo Hsien Hui respectively.

In December 2017, after a public consultation which attracted a high response rate, it was announced that efforts to end ‘feudal’ leasehold practices would include a ban on future leasehold houses as well as setting ground rents in new build flats to zero. It was reported that Javid resisted calls not to abolish ground rents, led by former Prime Minister David Cameron’s brother-in-law Will Astor, who has accrued his wealth from freehold investment management. By April 2018, a series of policies aimed at regulating both the managing and letting agent sectors was unveiled such as a new system for leaseholders to challenge unfair service charges, empowering leaseholders to switch managing agent and requirements for managing and letting agents to professionalise their operations.

Addressing the World Jewish Congress (WJC) in 2017, Javid commented that attempts to block contacts with Israel are failing, and that the government will “celebrate the Balfour centenary with pride”. Ronald Lauder, president of the WJC, said the global Jewish community “treasured” Mr Javid as a staunch friend of the Jewish people. Lauder has been criticised for funding an organisation which ran anti-Muslim campaigns.

Javid has said that it is “lazy” and “wrong” to suggest terror has nothing to do with Islam. Speaking at a Muslim News Awards ceremony in 2017, Javid said that those who attack and kill in the name of Islam had no right to do so and that “we can’t deny that these people think they are Muslims. They identify as Muslims. They genuinely believe they are acting for the glory of Islam.” Javid wrote in The Times that, “there’s a special, unique burden on the Muslim community” to do something about terrorism.

In June 2018, a polling of Tory activists on ConservativeHome showed Javid was popular as a potential party leader. The poll is seen as a reliable barometer of grassroots opinion, although it is known to shift quickly. A separate poll of Conservative Party members by YouGov in July 2018 also showed he had high levels of support to become party leader. YouGov found Javid reached the height of the charts on two measures; with 64% thinking he is “up to the job” and 69% calling him “competent”.

In 2018, Javid suggested Jeremy Corbyn should quit as Labour leader following his decision to attend a 2014 wreath-laying at a cemetery which contained the graves of many Palestinian activists; including Salah Khalaf and Atef Bseiso, members of the Black September Organization.

In March 2018, Javid called Momentum “neo-fascist” in the House of Commons chamber. Momentum threatened legal action if he repeated the comment outside Parliament where parliamentary privilege does not protect him against a lawsuit. MPs including John Mann, Jon Trickett, Chris Williamson, Alex Sobel, Clive Lewis and Caroline Lucas demanded Javid withdraw the statement and apologise.

In July 2018, Javid back-tracked after Jeremy Corbyn had threatened legal action for linking Corbyn with Holocaust denial. Labour MPs accused Javid of “peddling a lie” and called on Theresa May to intervene.

Creation of a pubs code and pubs code adjudicator (PCA); the SBEE Act 2015 compelled the Business Secretary to create the office of the PCA in one year (s42 (1) SBEE Act 2015) i.e. by 26 March 2016. The code was not published until 20 July 2016 and came into force the following day 21 July 2016, the unlawful delay to the code was overseen by Sajid Javid. Pub tenants were denied an opportunity to use their rights for months as the statutory deadline had been broken. This unlawful delay also pushed forward the pubs code review till 2019 when the code review could have happened a year earlier in 2018, no reason has ever been supplied by the minister for breaking the Act.

On 30 April 2018, Javid was appointed as Home Secretary following Amber Rudd’s resignation for misleading MPs about “targets for removing illegal immigrants”, a consequence of the ongoing Windrush scandal, Javid started his role saying he’s determined to fix the injustices of Windrush scandal and launched a consultation.

In June 2018, Javid lifted the cap on immigration for NHS doctors and nurses and proposed adjustments to the “hostile environment” policy on immigration.

In 2018, his first speech to the Police Federation, Javid insisted “I’m listening and I get it”. He then promised a shift in priorities in a bid to better protect police officers in the next Home Office spending review. In his speech, Javid backed calls for spit hoods across all forces in England and Wales and leant his support to stop and search powers.

In July 2018, Javid announced the UK government would not object to the United States seeking the death penalty for two suspected British members of ISIL, waiving its long-standing objection to foreign executions.

Javid has vowed to use counter-terrorism powers to strip dual-citizens involved in child-grooming gangs and other serious crimes of their British citizenship. In December 2018, in what may be the first case of its kind, a man’s dual-citizenship was removed on the basis that when he applied to be a UK citizen he lied about the fact he was sexually abusing a child.

In 2018, Javid showed concern for the growing child abuse online making the use of technology insecure for children. He spoke at the NSPCC headquarters for online child sexual exploitation held on 3 September 2018. During his speech he announced the allocation of £21.5m for the investigation of the online child sex offenders on different technological and social platforms. He also announced the allocation of £26m for prevention activities to be carried out by different bodies.

In 2018, Javid was a keynote speaker at the Conservative Friends of Israel Conference and stated he intends to strengthen the partnership between UK and Israel, “especially in security”.

In 2018, at a Conservative Friends of Israel conference, Javid detailed his parliamentary record against BDS:

In 2018, Javid declared in his Commons register of interests that the AEI had paid £9,266 to fund his trip to the conference in Georgia.

His eldest brother Tariq, died in July 2018 in “an unnatural death” and a full inquest was held in which the coroner ruled Tariq had intentionally killed himself after drinking alcohol and taking codeine at the luxury South Lodge Hotel, which was near his home in Horsham. In a letter left to Sylvia — his partner of 15 years — Tariq suggested he would not “last long” due to ill health. Tariq was a successful businessman and managed a supermarket chain.

In 2019 General Election, Javid received 34,409 votes and was returned as the MP for Bromsgrove, increasing his already sizeable majority to 23,106 over Labour.

In August 2019, John McDonnell questioned Javid’s suitability for the office of Chancellor of the Exchequer, citing his background in sales of collateralised debt obligations (CDOs) and alleged links to tax avoidance schemes. Javid held several senior executive positions in investment banking, including a role with responsibility for sale of CDOs, and during his time Deutsche Bank had operated a tax avoidance scheme known as ‘dark blue’ that channelled bankers’ bonus payments through the Cayman Islands.

In May 2019, Javid launched bid to become Conservative leader with pledge to deliver Brexit and to “bridge divides” by promoting the shared values which unite Britain. He finished in fourth-place. Javid’s campaign was advised by Matthew Elliott, former chief executive of Vote Leave. Campaign received funding from both remain and leave supporting conservative donors.

Javid indicated he would be prepared to take Britain out of the EU without a deal and called for no deal preparations to be stepped up. Javid set out his Brexit strategy in a piece for the Daily Mail, declaring “no, no, no” to the idea of allowing either another Brexit referendum, an early general election or revoking of Article 50. Also, Javid proposed to cover costs for implementing any new technology at the Irish border in a bid to try and break the deadlock over the Northern Ireland backstop. During the campaign, Javid also opposed the prorogation of parliament in order to deliver Brexit. He commented during the Channel 4 Conservative Party leadership debate, “You don’t deliver on democracy by trashing democracy… We’re not selecting a dictator of our country.” A third party tweet which contained part of this quote on his leadership campaign Twitter account was deleted on 29 August 2019, the day after Prime Minister Boris Johnson’s controversial decision to prorogue parliament. In a BBC Radio 4 interview on 31 August, Javid defended the Prime Minister’s prorogation of parliament. The prorogation was ruled as unlawful on 24 September by the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.

In January 2019, Javid suggested denying asylum to asylum-seekers coming across the English Channel, questioning whether they were “genuine” and vowing to “do everything we [the UK] can to make sure that you are often not successful”. This was objected to as a violation of international law by bodies such as the Refugee Council and Amnesty International.

On 8 March 2019, it was announced by Begum’s family and officers of the Democratic Federation of Northern Syria that Begum’s newborn son had died. Javid was widely criticised for his actions, and held directly culpable for the death of the boy, Jarrah, by a number of commentators, including British human rights lawyer Clive Stafford Smith.

The Jewish Chronicle reported that Javid was taking steps to ban Hezbollah. The military wing of Hezbollah has been banned in the UK since 2008, but the political wing is not banned. In February 2019, Javid laid an order in Parliament adding Hizbollah’s political wing to the UK’s list of proscribed terror organisations.

In 2019, Javid announced the government would increase funding for the security of synagogues, schools and other Jewish centres. CST chief executive, David Delew said it was “extremely grateful to the Home Secretary for announcing a further year of increased funding”. The government’s new pledge will bring the amount it has allocated to the Jewish Community Protective Security Grant to £65.2 million since its introduction in 2015.

On 24 July 2019, Javid was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in the new Boris Johnson cabinet. Upon his appointment, he tweeted that he was looking forward to working at the Treasury to prepare the United Kingdom for leaving the EU. In his first media intervention after becoming Chancellor, Javid pledged in The Sunday Telegraph to overhaul the Treasury’s approach to Brexit, beginning with “significant extra funding” to get Britain ready to leave with or without a deal.

In September 2019, Javid stood by Johnson’s statement to suspend parliament and leave the EU. He confirmed that though Johnson would be looking for a new deal in the 17 October Council in Brussels, he would not ask for extension of Article 50 and hence the UK would leave the EU come 31 October. On 26 January 2020, a 50p coin to mark Brexit was unveiled by Javid, bearing the inscription ‘Peace, prosperity and friendship with all nations’ and the new leaving date of 31 January. Javid helped raise thousands of pounds at the Jewish Care business breakfast by auctioning a Brexit 50p coin, co-signed by himself and Boris Johnson.

Tensions between 10 Downing Street and Treasury had come to a head during August 2019, when the Prime Minister’s Chief Special Adviser Dominic Cummings relieved one of Chancellor Javid’s aides, Sonia Khan, of her employment, without Javid’s permission and without informing him. It was alleged that, during her dismissal, Cummings “went outside No 10 and asked an armed officer to enter the building and escort Khan off the premises.” Javid “voiced anger” to Johnson over the dismissal of Khan and Cummings faced the prospect of a probe by a governmental ethics watchdog following the dismissal. In November 2019, following questions of a rift between Johnson and Javid, Johnson gave his assurance that he would retain Javid as Chancellor after the 2019 general election.

In 2019, Javid said he considered the Brexit Party not to be extremist and praised Nigel Farage: “I applaud Nigel Farage for walking away, calling UKIP thugs and extremists.” The move was seen by some as an effort by the Conservative Party to “extend an olive branch” to the Brexit Party.

A Labour Party member resigned in 2019 after referring to Javid as a “treacherous choc ice” for making comments that were supportive of Israel.

In 2019, Javid become the first British minister in 19 years to visit Western Wall in the Old City of Jerusalem. Visits to the Western Wall by foreign dignitaries are opposed by Palestinians, who say they legitimize Israeli claims to the eastern half of the city, which they claim for the capital of a future Palestinian state.

In 2019, Wayne Kirby, a Tommy Robinson supporter, was jailed for posting threatening and abusive comments about Javid. Kirby referred to Javid as “a Muslim terrorist” and threatened Javid would be “hung, drawn and quartered” if anything happened to Robinson.

On 13 February 2020, the day of the reshuffle, Javid resigned as Chancellor of the Exchequer, following a meeting with the Prime Minister. During the meeting, Johnson had offered to keep his position on the condition that he fire all of his advisers at the Treasury, to be replaced with individuals selected by 10 Downing Street. Upon resigning, Javid told the Press Association that “no self-respecting minister would accept those terms”.

Javid was due to deliver his first budget on 11 March 2020, which was expected to include increased spending on infrastructure, public services and the environment, with a higher level of investment in the north and the Midlands. On the day of his resignation, he was immediately replaced by his deputy, Rishi Sunak. Javid became the first Chancellor in 50 years to not have delivered any budget, since Iain Macleod. His time as Chancellor, 204 days, represented the second-fewest days in office since the Second World War.

In June 2020, Javid announced he would be working with the Centre for Social Justice think tank to lead an inquiry into child sexual abuse in the UK. He wrote in The Daily Telegraph of his concern that the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown was leading to a surge in child sexual abuse cases.

In June 2020, Javid was appointed a senior fellow at Harvard University (Harvard Kennedy School, Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Business and Government).

In August 2020, Javid began in a paid role as a senior adviser to JPMorgan Chase. He joined on the bank’s Europe, Middle East and Africa advisory council. His appointment was criticised by Labour MP Zarah Sultana as “undermining democracy” and she advocated for MPs to be banned from taking second jobs.

In January 2020 Javid said regarding the future relationship with the EU: “There will not be alignment, we will not be a ruletaker, we will not be in the single market and we will not be in the customs union – and we will do this by the end of the year”.

Javid was advised by officials not to visit the Western Wall during a visit to Israel because of “long-standing policy of over two-decades”. In January 2020, at the reception of Conservative Friends of Israel, he told the audience that his response was – “You know what? I told them to ‘get stuffed’ and I went anyway”.